安装格式化工具

Clang-Format代码格式化工具附带于VSCode的C/C++扩展（ms-vscode.cpptools）中，可在扩展商店中安装，打开C/C++文件时亦会提示用户安装。

在VSCode中打开C/C++代码文件，按下Alt+Shift+F组合键即可调用CLang-Format对代码进行格式化。

若按下Alt+Shift+F组合键时提示“没有安装用于c/cpp文件的格式化程序”，请尝试重新安装C/C++扩展（ms-vscode.cpptools）。

配置CLang-Format

Clang-Format会提供一些默认的配置模板，包括Visual Studio、LLVM、Google、Chromium、Mozilla、WebKit等。可以在VSCode的 [设置] 界面（可以使用Ctrl+,组合键打开）中，搜索“clang”并修改C_Cpp: Clang_format_fallback Style属性进行设置。

同时可以通过在文件所在目录下建立名为.clang-format的文件，并确保VSCode的C_Cpp: Clang_format_style选项的值为默认值file，为特定项目配置专用的Clang-Format格式参考。您可以在Clang-Format应用程序所在的目录中，通过下面的命令提取Clang-Format格式参考模板：

clang-format -style=STYLE_NAME -dump-config > .clang-format

STYLE_NAME为需要提取的样式名称，预置的选项包括LLVM, GNU, Google, Chromium, Microsoft, Mozilla, WebKit。Clang-Format应用程序通常位于C/C++扩展（ms-vscode.cpptools）安装目录的LLVM\bin\目录中，例如Windows上的%UserProfile%\.vscode\extensions\ms-vscode.cpptools-1.5.1\LLVM\bin。

`.clang-format`文件示例

该示例基于LLVM模板，详细注释请参考.clang-format文件配置信息文档。

---
Language:        Cpp
# BasedOnStyle:  LLVM
AccessModifierOffset: -4
AlignAfterOpenBracket: Align
AlignConsecutiveMacros: true
AlignConsecutiveAssignments: None
AlignConsecutiveBitFields: None
AlignConsecutiveDeclarations: None
AlignEscapedNewlines: Right
AlignOperands:   Align
AlignTrailingComments: false
AllowAllArgumentsOnNextLine: true
AllowAllConstructorInitializersOnNextLine: true
AllowAllParametersOfDeclarationOnNextLine: true
AllowShortEnumsOnASingleLine: true
AllowShortBlocksOnASingleLine: Never
AllowShortCaseLabelsOnASingleLine: false
AllowShortFunctionsOnASingleLine: All
AllowShortLambdasOnASingleLine: All
AllowShortIfStatementsOnASingleLine: Never
AllowShortLoopsOnASingleLine: false
AlwaysBreakAfterDefinitionReturnType: None
AlwaysBreakAfterReturnType: None
AlwaysBreakBeforeMultilineStrings: false
AlwaysBreakTemplateDeclarations: MultiLine
AttributeMacros:
  - __capability
BinPackArguments: true
BinPackParameters: true
BraceWrapping:
  AfterCaseLabel:  false
  AfterClass:      false
  AfterControlStatement: Never
  AfterEnum:       false
  AfterFunction:   false
  AfterNamespace:  false
  AfterObjCDeclaration: false
  AfterStruct:     false
  AfterUnion:      false
  AfterExternBlock: false
  BeforeCatch:     true
  BeforeElse:      true
  BeforeLambdaBody: false
  BeforeWhile:     false
  IndentBraces:    false
  SplitEmptyFunction: true
  SplitEmptyRecord: true
  SplitEmptyNamespace: true
BreakBeforeBinaryOperators: None
BreakBeforeConceptDeclarations: true
BreakBeforeBraces: Custom
BreakBeforeInheritanceComma: false
BreakInheritanceList: BeforeColon
BreakBeforeTernaryOperators: false
BreakConstructorInitializersBeforeComma: false
BreakConstructorInitializers: BeforeColon
BreakAfterJavaFieldAnnotations: false
BreakStringLiterals: false
ColumnLimit:     0
CommentPragmas:  '^ IWYU pragma:'
CompactNamespaces: false
ConstructorInitializerAllOnOneLineOrOnePerLine: false
ConstructorInitializerIndentWidth: 4
ContinuationIndentWidth: 4
Cpp11BracedListStyle: true
DeriveLineEnding: true
DerivePointerAlignment: false
DisableFormat:   false
EmptyLineBeforeAccessModifier: LogicalBlock
ExperimentalAutoDetectBinPacking: false
FixNamespaceComments: false
ForEachMacros:
  - foreach
  - Q_FOREACH
  - BOOST_FOREACH
StatementAttributeLikeMacros:
  - Q_EMIT
IncludeBlocks:   Preserve
IncludeCategories:
  - Regex:           '^"(llvm|llvm-c|clang|clang-c)/'
    Priority:        2
    SortPriority:    0
    CaseSensitive:   false
  - Regex:           '^(<|"(gtest|gmock|isl|json)/)'
    Priority:        3
    SortPriority:    0
    CaseSensitive:   false
  - Regex:           '.*'
    Priority:        1
    SortPriority:    0
    CaseSensitive:   false
IncludeIsMainRegex: '(Test)?$'
IncludeIsMainSourceRegex: ''
IndentCaseLabels: false
IndentCaseBlocks: true
IndentGotoLabels: true
IndentPPDirectives: None
IndentExternBlock: AfterExternBlock
IndentRequires:  false
IndentWidth:     4
IndentWrappedFunctionNames: false
InsertTrailingCommas: None
JavaScriptQuotes: Leave
JavaScriptWrapImports: true
KeepEmptyLinesAtTheStartOfBlocks: true
MacroBlockBegin: ''
MacroBlockEnd:   ''
MaxEmptyLinesToKeep: 1
NamespaceIndentation: All
ObjCBinPackProtocolList: Auto
ObjCBlockIndentWidth: 4
ObjCBreakBeforeNestedBlockParam: true
ObjCSpaceAfterProperty: false
ObjCSpaceBeforeProtocolList: true
PenaltyBreakAssignment: 4
PenaltyBreakBeforeFirstCallParameter: 19
PenaltyBreakComment: 300
PenaltyBreakFirstLessLess: 120
PenaltyBreakString: 1000
PenaltyBreakTemplateDeclaration: 10
PenaltyExcessCharacter: 1000000
PenaltyReturnTypeOnItsOwnLine: 60
PenaltyIndentedWhitespace: 0
PointerAlignment: Middle
ReflowComments:  true
SortIncludes:    true
SortJavaStaticImport: Before
SortUsingDeclarations: true
SpaceAfterCStyleCast: false
SpaceAfterLogicalNot: false
SpaceAfterTemplateKeyword: true
SpaceBeforeAssignmentOperators: true
SpaceBeforeCaseColon: false
SpaceBeforeCpp11BracedList: false
SpaceBeforeCtorInitializerColon: true
SpaceBeforeInheritanceColon: true
SpaceBeforeParens: ControlStatements
SpaceAroundPointerQualifiers: Default
SpaceBeforeRangeBasedForLoopColon: true
SpaceInEmptyBlock: false
SpaceInEmptyParentheses: false
SpacesBeforeTrailingComments: 1
SpacesInAngles:  false
SpacesInConditionalStatement: false
SpacesInContainerLiterals: true
SpacesInCStyleCastParentheses: false
SpacesInParentheses: false
SpacesInSquareBrackets: false
SpaceBeforeSquareBrackets: false
BitFieldColonSpacing: Both
Standard:        Latest
StatementMacros:
  - Q_UNUSED
  - QT_REQUIRE_VERSION
TabWidth:        4
UseCRLF:         false
UseTab:          Never
WhitespaceSensitiveMacros:
  - STRINGIZE
  - PP_STRINGIZE
  - BOOST_PP_STRINGIZE
  - NS_SWIFT_NAME
  - CF_SWIFT_NAME
...